He is the subject of a new eponymous biopic by the British film director Ridley Scott. In short, and he was not short, Napoleon is one of the most famous men who ever lived. Napoleon (1769-1821) was, to give him his official title during his pomp as the conqueror of most of Europe “by the grace of God and the constitution of the Republic, Emperor of France, King of Italy, Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine states, mediator of the Swiss Confederation”.